The need for automation and robots in every manufacturing industries keeps growing. Industrial robots have replaced humans in the wide array of industries. Robots beat humans in jobs that require precision, speed, endurance and reliability. Robots safely perform dirty and dangerous jobs. Traditional manufacturing robotic applications include material handling (pick and set), assembling, painting, welding, packaging, palletizing, product inspection and testing. Industrial robots are used in a diverse array of industries including automotive, electronics, medical, food production, biotech, pharmaceutical and machinery.

The ISO concept of a manipulating industrial robot is "an automatically controlled, reprogrammable, multipurpose manipulator". According to the definition it could be fixed available or mobile for usage in industrial automation applications. These industrial robots are programmable in three or more axes. They’re multi-functional pieces of equipment that may be custom-built and designed to perform selection of operations.

The main advantages of industrial robots is because they might be set to suit industry specific requirements and can work continuously for many years, consistently meeting high manufacturing quality standards. The economical life span associated with an industrial robot is approximately 12-16 years. Due to their persistent accuracy industrial robots are becoming variety section of manufacturing.

Industrial robots are categorized into different categories determined by their mechanical structure. The major kinds of industrial robots are:

Gantry (Cartesian) Robot: They’re stationary robots having three components of motion. They work from an overhead grid which has a rectangular work envelope. They may be mainly used to perform ‘pick and place’ actions. Gantry robots have all their axes higher than the work causing them to be also ideal for dispensing applications.

SCARA Robots: (Selectively Compliant Articulated Robot Arm) These robots have 4 axes of motion. They move in a x-y-z coordinated circular work envelope. They are utilized for factory automation requiring pick and set work, application and assembly operations and handling machine tools.

Articulated robots: An articulated robot has rotary joints. It may have from two to 10 or even more interactive joints. Articulated robots are fitted to welding, painting and assembly.

Basic industrial robot designs could be customized by building different peripherals. End effectors, optical systems, and motion controllers are crucial add-ons. End effectors are the end-of-arm-tooling (EOAT) attached to robotic arms. Grippers or wrenches which might be used to move or assemble parts are types of end effectors. End effectors are made and employed to sense and connect to the external environment. The finish effectors’ design depends upon the application requirements of the specific industry. Machine Vision systems are robotic optical systems. These are built-on digital input/output devices and computer networks utilized to control other manufacturing equipment like robotic arms. Machine vision is employed for that inspection of manufactured goods such as semiconductor chips. Motion controllers are utilized to move robots and position stages smoothly and accurately with sub-micron repeatability.

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